FRu（phen）2（3，8—2R—phen）-]^2＋（R=OH，H，F）电子结构与抗癌活性研究

用密度泛函(DFT)法，对配合物[Ru(phen)2(3，8-2R—phen)^2 (R=OH，H，F)进行了理论计算研究。探讨了配合物的电子结构与其抗癌活性的关系：主配体上3，8位上F原子的取代有利于配合物与DNA的作用，增加配合物的抗癌活性。计算结果能较好地预测配合物与DNA的作用强度、抗癌活性及指导具有较高抗癌活性配合物的合成。     

新一代二膦酸盐类药物唑来膦酸的药理及临床

唑来膦酸是异环型第三代双膦酸盐类药物,它能抑制骨吸收而减少骨基质生长因子的释放,抑制癌细胞黏附于骨基质,降低癌症患者的骨转移发生率.临床上用于辅助治疗发生骨转移的癌症患者,以减少发生高钙血症、骨痛和骨折的危险;还可用于预防恶性肿瘤引起的骨骼相关疾病,延缓骨转移的发生,短期用药,长期显效.现综述唑来膦酸的药理作用、药动学和临床评价.     

中药有效成分防治阿尔茨海默病的药理研究进展

从中医药防治阿尔茨海默病 (AD)的药理研究出发 ,结合目前有关AD发病机制的神经递质代谢障碍、细胞凋亡、炎症反应等假说 ,查阅文献并行分析总结 ,发现中药有效成分如人参皂苷、蛇床子素、红景天素、(- )黄皮酰胺等防治AD的作用机制涉及各种途径 ,其中人参皂苷可对AD的多个病理环节起效 ,为筛选AD有效药物提供了一定的依据。     

肾虚衰老理论研究的新思路

在中医学中,肾虚衰老一直占主导地位,而生命科学研究则表明机体生长、发育与衰老的基础是以细胞周期为核心的细胞增殖、分化与衰老等生命活动,两者之间必然有着某种本质的联系,将肾虚衰老、肾藏精、肾为先天之本理论与细胞基本生命活动之一的"细胞衰老"结合研究,可进一步揭示肾虚衰老理论的本质以及补肾防衰老的分子机制,同时可从另一个角度揭示目前尚未知的中医肾本质,从而深化中医学肾为先天之本理论.     

参藿口服液药理作用的初步研究

目的 :利用小鼠研究参藿口服液的初步药理作用。方法 :游泳、避暗、自主活动度和睡眠实验。结果 :参藿口服浓缩液 5～10mL·kg^-1连续口服给药 7d ,能明显延长小鼠负重游泳时间 ,增加小鼠耐缺氧生存时间 ,对剥夺睡眠小鼠所引起的学习记忆障碍也有一定的改善作用 ;参藿口服浓缩液 5～2 0mL·kg^-1连续口服给药 10d ,可明显增加正常小鼠的自主活动度 ,并能对抗安定所致的镇静作用 ,缩短戊巴比妥钠的睡眠时间。结论 :参藿口服液对小鼠具良好的抗疲劳、抗应激、增强学习记忆等药理作用。     

甲基莲心碱的药理作用

甲基莲心碱是一种双苄基异喹啉类生物碱。该文就甲基莲心碱的扩血管、降压 ,抗心律失常 ,抗血小板聚集 ,抗血栓形成 ,抗氧化 ,抗有机磷农药中毒 ,抗瘢痕形成以及化疗增敏等药理作用作一综述     

民族药用植物毛大丁草的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

毛大丁草Gerbera piloselloides是极具特色的资源植物,被我国南方少数民族同胞广泛使用。本文对毛大丁草的民间利用、化学成分及其药理作用等方面的研究进展进行了全面回顾,总结了我国13个少数民族和汉族的相关传统知识。归纳了从毛大丁草中分离鉴定的83个化合物,包括香豆素类、萜类、黄酮类、糖苷类、苯乙酮类、甾醇类等化合物,这些化合物具有镇咳、祛痰、平喘、抗菌、抗肿瘤、子宫镇痛、免疫调节、美白等活性。近年来毛大丁草的研究主要集中于化学成分和主要生物活性等方面,具体的作用机理、生物合成途径以及民族药相关产品开发等方面仍有待进一步探究。该文系统地总结分析了毛大丁草的相关研究成果,为进一步研究与开发该资源提供线索。      

Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is extremely common in older adults and the potential benefits of secondary prevention are perhaps greater in this population than in younger patients. While there is good evidence that secondary prevention efforts are justified in patients up to 80 years of age, limited data are available on secondary prevention in octogenarians and there is no evidence to guide treatment in patients ≥ 90 years of age. Further, the value of secondary prevention may be confounded by prevalent comorbidities, polypharmacy, and limited life expectancy. It is therefore essential that all management decisions be made in relation to individual preferences and goals of care, with understanding by patients that benefits as well as risks may increase with age. Furthermore, research is needed to refine markers to better delineate which older adults are most likely to benefit from preventive therapies.     

The reproducibility issue and preclinical academic drug discovery: educational and institutional initiatives fostering translation success

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Drug discovery depends critically upon published results from the academy. The reproducibility of preclinical research findings reported by academia in the peer-reviewed literature has been called into question, seriously jeopardizing the value of academic science for inventing therapeutics.

Areas covered: The corrosive effects of the reproducibility issue on drug discovery are considered. Purported correctives imposed upon academia from the outside deal mainly with expunging fraudulent literature and imposing punitive sanctions on the responsible authors. The salutary influence of such post facto actions on the reproducibility of discovery-relevant preclinical research data from academia appears limited. Rather, intentional doctoral-scientist education focused on data replicability and translationally-meaningful science and active participation of university entities charged with research innovation and asset commercialization toward ensuring data quality are advocated as key academic initiatives for addressing the reproducibility issue.

Expert opinion: A mindset shift on the part of both senior university faculty and the academy to take responsibility for the data reproducibility crisis and commit proactively to positive educational, incentivization, and risk- and reward-sharing practices will be fundamental for improving the value of published preclinical academic research to drug discovery.     

Disability in Older Adults 1: Prevalence,Causes, and Consequences

The effects of disability on an aging population's health and welfare are an important issue in gerontological research. The rapid growth of the elderly population and increases in longevity have led to an ongoing debate about whether longer lives can be matched by longer active lives that are free from disability. After a detailed review of current disability literature, the authors discuss the impact of disability in the elderly, defining disability and reviewing three classes of disability—physical, mental, and social. Both subjective and objective disability measures are described, and disability trends and prevalence rates are reviewed and compared cross culturally, by gender, by age, and over time. The path from chronic disease to disability is described and the consequences of living with disability are discussed in terms of family burdens and the increased need for medical care.